The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.